Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare but serious condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the brain. The inflammation that results can damage brain cells and lead to a variety of symptoms, including seizures, memory loss, confusion, personality changes, and movement problems. In some cases, autoimmune encephalitis can be fatal.

The exact cause of autoimmune encephalitis is unknown, but it is thought to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain infections and viruses, such as herpes simplex virus, influenza, and COVID-19, have been linked to an increased risk of developing autoimmune encephalitis. It can also be associated with other autoimmune conditions, such as lupus and multiple sclerosis.

There is no cure for autoimmune encephalitis, but treatment can help to manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. Treatment options include corticosteroids, other immunosuppressive drugs, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a tumor or other structural abnormality that is causing the encephalitis.

Although autoimmune encephalitis is a serious condition, there is hope for the future. Research is ongoing to better understand the causes of the disease and to develop new treatments. With early diagnosis and treatment, many people with autoimmune encephalitis can go on to live full and productive lives.